| Abstract | Mirovinski sustav od velikog je značaja za svaku državu pa tako i Republiku Hrvatsku. Omogućuje sustavno prikupljanje novčanih sredstava na temelju doprinosa osiguranika i isplatu mirovine i drugih novčanih primanja osiguranicima i članovima njihove obitelji, ostvarenih na temelju različitih prava koja proizlaze iz mirovinskog osiguranja. Sveobuhvatnom mirovinskom reformom i novim zakonodavnim okvirima u hrvatskom mirovinskom sustavu, koji su u primjeni od 1. siječnja 2019. reagiralo se na nepovoljna demografska kretanja, ublažavanje uočenih nejednakosti unutar sustava, stanje na tržištu rada, kao i na nepovoljan odnos između broja osiguranika i umirovljenika. Glavnina izvora podataka u ovom diplomskom radu odnosila se na dostupne podatke iz Državnog zavoda za statistiku, publikacija HZMO-a, službene internetske stranice Europske komisije i zemalja članica Europske unije te EUROSTAT-a. Prema posljednjem izvještaju o adekvatnosti mirovina u Europskoj uniji, Hrvatska se nalazi u skupni zemalja s najnižom adekvatnošću mirovina, što predstavlja veliki izazov i u kontekstu siromaštva starijih osoba. Nositelji ekonomske politike u Hrvatskoj svjesni ovog problema u Nacionalnom planu oporavka i otpornosti 2021. - 2026. predvidjeli su nastavak reforme mirovinskog sustava, radi povećanja adekvatnosti mirovina i to prvenstveno redefiniranjem modela obiteljske mirovine, po uzoru na zemlje članice Europske unije, koju prima gotovo 300.000 osoba u Hrvatskoj, čime bi se utjecalo na povećanje adekvatnosti mirovina i smanjenje stope rizika od siromaštva starijih osoba. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja percepcije hrvatskih građana o mirovinskom sustavu u Republici Hrvatskoj pokazali su nedovoljnu informiranost ispitanika o hrvatskom mirovinskom sustavu i mišljenja su im kreirana putem medija odakle i crpe znanje o mirovinskom sustavu. Preporuka je da bi građane u sklopu financijske pismenosti trebalo u što u ranijoj dobi informirati o funkcioniranju mirovinskog sustava i njihovim pravima i obvezama kako bi na vrijeme počeli razmišljati o svojoj budućnosti i sigurnosti u umirovljeničkim danima. Uz izgradnju svijesti o preuzimanju osobne odgovornosti za financijskom sigurnosti u budućnosti, stvarala bi se pozitivnija percepcija građana o mirovinskom sustavu, kao i o potrebi viših izdvajanja u mirovinske fondove radi osiguranja boljih financijskih uvjeta. |
| Abstract (english) | The pension system is of great importance to each country, including the Republic of Croatia. It allows the systematic collection of funds based on the contributions of the insured person as well as the payment of pensions, earned on the basic of various rights arising from pension insurance, and other cash benefits to insured persons and their family members. The comprehensive pension reform and the new legislative frameworks in the Croatian pension system, which have been in force since 1st January 2019, have responded to the unfavorable demographic trends, the mitigating of perceived inequalities within the system, the state of the labor market, as well as the unfavorable ratio of the number of insured persons and pensioners. The majority of the data in this master's thesis is available in the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, publications of HZMO, the official website of the European Commission and the member states of the European Union and EUROSTATA. According to the latest report on pension adequacy in the European Union, Croatia is placed within a group of countries with the lowest pension adequacy, which is also a major challenge in the context of elderly poverty. Taking this problem into account when devising the National Recovery and Resilience Plan 2021-2026, the economic policy holders in Croatia, predicted the continuation of the pension system reform, with the aim of increasing pension adequacy. This has been achieved primarily by redefining the family pension model, designed according to the model used in the member states of the European Union. Since almost 300,000 people in Croatia receive such pensions, pension adequacy will be increased and the risk of the elderly poverty will be reduced. The survey results on the perception of Croatian citizens about the pension system in the Republic of Croatia showed that the respondents were not well informed about the Croatian pension system and that their opinions were formed by the media through which they drew knowledge about it. It is recommended that citizens be informed about the functioning of the pension system and their rights and obligations as early as possible as a part of
financial literacy in order to start thinking about their future and security in their retirement days on time. Building awareness about the importance of taking personal responsibility for financial security in the future would create a more positive perception of citizens about the pension system, as well as the need for higher contributions to pension funds in order to ensure one’s better financial conditions. |
