Renewable energy sources currently in use have increased their share in consumption and partially displaced fossil fuels. However, this is still far from absolute dominance in household and industrial applications, as well as in road, air, and maritime transport. A large number of renewable energy sources are based on solar activity, while geothermal energy arises as a result of processes occurring within the Earth. The Sun is the primary source of influence, acting either directly or indirectly, making it the largest and most fundamental renewable energy source. The role of renewable sources in environmental protection is to reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions, contribute to sustainable development, and enable the implementation of new technologies that reduce pollution. The unlimited capacity of energy from renewable sources influences people's perceptions and stimulates the need for its implementation to meet the overall market demand for energy and contribute to environmental protection. In global challenges, the importance of renewable energy sources is constantly emphasized, primarily related to the limitations and usability of technologies such as solar and wind, as well as the need for efficient energy storage and storage systems to reduce energy losses.