Lemon is known as a tree that is embellished by beautiful white flowers, green leaves, and valuable fruits that can be green and yellow. Because of its good looks, and because of its low temperature protection, many people decide to grow lemons. The lemon tree best suits the subtropical and tropical climate and the Mediterranean. A big problem for citrus trees is winter temperatures, so it needs to be well protected. Because of its sensitivity to outdoor temperatures, some breeders decide to plant in containers that are later put into the indoor area. In Croatia it is possible to grow lemons exclusively in the coastal area and on the islands, and because of the colder climate it is completely impossible in continental areas. In these areas, the area ranges from city of Trogir to Konavle town and the islands, especially in southern Dalmatia. There are many prerequisites for successful breeding and successful lemon plantation, and for starters, it is certainly necessary to plant healthy plant material without viruses and diseases and use of modern technological solutions. Analyzing the institutional and legislative framework for encouraging lemon growing on Croatian islands, it is also worth presenting the viability of investing in this form of production. The paper also analyzes the existing total lemon production in Croatia, its imports and a SWOT analysis of lemon growing on the islands. Domestic ecologically grown lemon is far superior to any of the cultivated in the classical agriculture where various chemicals have been used. For the same reason, lemon from classical production has inedible bark, but is significantly more favorable on the market. The problem of the domestic market lies in the fact that domestic consumers are weak in paying power and often knowingly replace domestic quality with imported much cheaper lemons. For the same reason, rarely domestically harvested lemon ends in foreign markets while in Croatia a cheaper one from classical agriculture is imported and consumed.